The template
Start with the blank canvas
Three columns, three rows, nine cells. The columns are three questions about time. The rows are the three things that hold LSDS in its present form.
Above the grid sits the outcome you want. Below it runs a band for checking your own thinking.
The order
Fill it in this order
- The desired outcome.
- T1: where LSDS is now.
- T4: where it wants to be.
- T2 to T3: how you get there.
The middle column comes last. A route needs a start and a destination before anyone can draw it.
Step 1
The outcome, tentatively
For now: a viable financial and budgeting system for LSDS, transparent and easy to monitor.
That wording is tentative. Scoping it with LSDS is your first job. Bring three questions to Kyle and to the LSDS member in your group:
- Viable for whom, and for how long? Does it outlive this year's officers?
- What will LSDS be able to do that it cannot do now?
- What changes for the people: the officer who fronts money, the member who pays on time, the member who owes?
The second question is about productivity. The third is about dignity and well-being. A good outcome answers both.
Before T1
Two marks on every entry
Helps or blocks. Write + if the entry helps the outcome and - if it blocks it.
Where it came from.
- Said
- Someone in LSDS said it. This is second-person work: you inquired with a collaborator.
- Guess
- You think so. This is first-person work: you caught your own assumption. Every Guess is a question for your next LSDS conversation.
- Read
- A study or a theory says so. This is third-person work.
Kyle is a collaborator and one of you is an LSDS member. Both are sources. Write down who said what.
Step 2, first row
T1, Structure: what is set up
Rules, roles, resources, tools. From Kyle's interview:
- -"I don't believe there's any concrete procedures." Said
- -Members upload receipts to a shared Google Drive and the finance officer checks them by hand. There is no single record yet. Said
- +Money sits in two places: funds held in trust and a liquid account. Said
Yours: what does your LSDS member know about the setup that Kyle did not mention?
Step 2, second row
T1, Culture: what members believe is okay
- -Paying late is tolerated among friends. Kyle gave this as his own explanation, then asked not to be quoted. Ask him if you may use it. Said, off the record
- +The membership is close-knit. Said
- -Asking a friend to pay feels awkward. Guess
Culture is the row teams skip. A plan with nothing in this row leaves the beliefs as they are.
Step 2, third row
T1, Agency: the people
Who does the work, what they can do, who has a say.
- -"As of now I am running solo." Said
- -On the financial sheet he is building: "I'm not particularly sure what should be in it." Said
- +Applicants for the assistant vice president posts have offered to help organize the files. Said
Yours: you are in this row too. One of you is a member. What can you do from the inside, and what is hard to see from there?
Systems thinking
Look across the rows
The rows are separate on paper so you can see how they hold each other. Ask one question: which entry in one row keeps an entry in another row in place?
For LSDS: with no single record (Structure), nobody can see who has paid, so paying late embarrasses no one (Culture). And where paying late is fine, nobody asks for the record. Guess
Find one such pair of your own. It usually points to where a single fix will fail.
Step 3
T4: where LSDS wants to be
Read the three T4 cells together. They are what "a viable financial and budgeting system" means for LSDS. A spreadsheet fills one cell.
- SOne shared record any finance officer can open. A written way to collect and reimburse.
- CPaying on time, and being asked to, is normal among friends. Keep the closeness.
- AMore than one officer can run it. Officers and members use it.
Test. Cover one cell with your hand. Is what remains still a working system?
A theory to try. The technology acceptance model (Davis, 1989) and UTAUT (Venkatesh et al., 2003) study why people take up a new system or leave it unused. One way to sort UTAUT into the rows: facilitating conditions in Structure, social influence in Culture, and whether a person expects the system to be useful and easy in Agency. Read
These theories explain whether people will use the record. They say less about why friends pay late. Look for a second theory for that.
Yours: these three lines are examples and they are tentative. Write your own.
Step 4
T2 to T3: how you get there together
This column is your plan, and a plan here is made of interactions: who does what with whom. Your team with Kyle. Officers with members. Members with each other. Only people act.
For every move, write four things. One example:
The moveYour team, Kyle, and the finance committee of the next tournament keep one shared ledger for that event.
Rows it touchesStructure (a record and a routine). Agency (more people learn to run it).
Why it should workPeople adopt a system they find useful and easy (Venkatesh et al., 2003). Read
What might push backEvent heads keep their own files. Receipts still arrive late.
Yours: this move leaves Culture untouched. What move would reach it?
The band underneath
Check your own thinking
Archer calls the habit of questioning your own inner conversation meta-reflexivity. You will practice it with Lonergan's general empirical method: four habits, one for each kind of mental work.
- Be attentive.
- What did we see and hear? What did we skip?
- Be intelligent.
- What explanation are we forming? What is one other explanation?
- Be reasonable.
- Which entries are Said and which are Guess? What would prove us wrong?
- Be responsible.
- What will we do, and is it fair to the people involved? Kyle's off-the-record remark is a case.
Being authentic means keeping all four, most of all when they show you were wrong. Your left-hand column on the Kyle interview was this band at work. Run it on every column.
After the cycle
Did you get there?
Come back and write what each row became. If the form changed, that is morphogenesis. If it stayed, that is morphostasis.
Expect a mixed answer: a new ledger in Structure, the same beliefs in Culture. Write it as it is. What you find becomes the T1 of your next cycle.