The morphogenetic canvas

One page that shows where an organization is now, where it wants to be, and what you will do together to get there. Worked example: the finance department of LSDS.

Dr. Patch Aure, COBFSMO special class. Derived from Margaret Archer's morphogenetic approach.

A big word, taken apart

morphoGreek morphē: form, shape
genesisGreek genesis: coming into being

Morphogenesis is how a form comes to be, or changes. Biologists use the word for how an embryo takes its shape. In 1967 the sociologist Walter Buckley used it for organizations and societies, and paired it with a second word: morphostasis, the form staying as it is.

Margaret Archer built her morphogenetic approach on that pair. So the long word asks a short question. Is the form of this organization changing or staying the same, and why?

The T in T1 to T4 is only time. T1 is before. T2 to T3 is during. T4 is after.

Three things hold a form in place

An organization keeps its present form because of how it is set up, what its members believe, and who its people are. The canvas gives each one a row.

Structure

Rules, roles, resources, tools. What is set up.

LSDS has two accounts and no written procedure for money.

Culture

What members believe is okay and not okay.

Friends give each other slack on deadlines.

Agency

The people. What they can do, what they want, who has a say.

One officer runs finance alone.

Filling the canvas, one step at a time

Scroll. The canvas fills as you go. The example uses what Kyle, your collaborator in LSDS, said in his interview. It is left unfinished on purpose.

The template

Start with the blank canvas

Three columns, three rows, nine cells. The columns are three questions about time. The rows are the three things that hold LSDS in its present form.

Above the grid sits the outcome you want. Below it runs a band for checking your own thinking.

The order

Fill it in this order

  1. The desired outcome.
  2. T1: where LSDS is now.
  3. T4: where it wants to be.
  4. T2 to T3: how you get there.

The middle column comes last. A route needs a start and a destination before anyone can draw it.

Step 1

The outcome, tentatively

For now: a viable financial and budgeting system for LSDS, transparent and easy to monitor.

That wording is tentative. Scoping it with LSDS is your first job. Bring three questions to Kyle and to the LSDS member in your group:

  • Viable for whom, and for how long? Does it outlive this year's officers?
  • What will LSDS be able to do that it cannot do now?
  • What changes for the people: the officer who fronts money, the member who pays on time, the member who owes?

The second question is about productivity. The third is about dignity and well-being. A good outcome answers both.

Before T1

Two marks on every entry

Helps or blocks. Write + if the entry helps the outcome and - if it blocks it.

Where it came from.

Said
Someone in LSDS said it. This is second-person work: you inquired with a collaborator.
Guess
You think so. This is first-person work: you caught your own assumption. Every Guess is a question for your next LSDS conversation.
Read
A study or a theory says so. This is third-person work.

Kyle is a collaborator and one of you is an LSDS member. Both are sources. Write down who said what.

Step 2, first row

T1, Structure: what is set up

Rules, roles, resources, tools. From Kyle's interview:

  • -"I don't believe there's any concrete procedures." Said
  • -Members upload receipts to a shared Google Drive and the finance officer checks them by hand. There is no single record yet. Said
  • +Money sits in two places: funds held in trust and a liquid account. Said

Yours: what does your LSDS member know about the setup that Kyle did not mention?

Step 2, second row

T1, Culture: what members believe is okay

  • -Paying late is tolerated among friends. Kyle gave this as his own explanation, then asked not to be quoted. Ask him if you may use it. Said, off the record
  • +The membership is close-knit. Said
  • -Asking a friend to pay feels awkward. Guess

Culture is the row teams skip. A plan with nothing in this row leaves the beliefs as they are.

Step 2, third row

T1, Agency: the people

Who does the work, what they can do, who has a say.

  • -"As of now I am running solo." Said
  • -On the financial sheet he is building: "I'm not particularly sure what should be in it." Said
  • +Applicants for the assistant vice president posts have offered to help organize the files. Said

Yours: you are in this row too. One of you is a member. What can you do from the inside, and what is hard to see from there?

Systems thinking

Look across the rows

The rows are separate on paper so you can see how they hold each other. Ask one question: which entry in one row keeps an entry in another row in place?

For LSDS: with no single record (Structure), nobody can see who has paid, so paying late embarrasses no one (Culture). And where paying late is fine, nobody asks for the record. Guess

Find one such pair of your own. It usually points to where a single fix will fail.

Step 3

T4: where LSDS wants to be

Read the three T4 cells together. They are what "a viable financial and budgeting system" means for LSDS. A spreadsheet fills one cell.

  • SOne shared record any finance officer can open. A written way to collect and reimburse.
  • CPaying on time, and being asked to, is normal among friends. Keep the closeness.
  • AMore than one officer can run it. Officers and members use it.

Test. Cover one cell with your hand. Is what remains still a working system?

A theory to try. The technology acceptance model (Davis, 1989) and UTAUT (Venkatesh et al., 2003) study why people take up a new system or leave it unused. One way to sort UTAUT into the rows: facilitating conditions in Structure, social influence in Culture, and whether a person expects the system to be useful and easy in Agency. Read

These theories explain whether people will use the record. They say less about why friends pay late. Look for a second theory for that.

Yours: these three lines are examples and they are tentative. Write your own.

Step 4

T2 to T3: how you get there together

This column is your plan, and a plan here is made of interactions: who does what with whom. Your team with Kyle. Officers with members. Members with each other. Only people act.

For every move, write four things. One example:

The moveYour team, Kyle, and the finance committee of the next tournament keep one shared ledger for that event.
Rows it touchesStructure (a record and a routine). Agency (more people learn to run it).
Why it should workPeople adopt a system they find useful and easy (Venkatesh et al., 2003). Read
What might push backEvent heads keep their own files. Receipts still arrive late.

Yours: this move leaves Culture untouched. What move would reach it?

The band underneath

Check your own thinking

Archer calls the habit of questioning your own inner conversation meta-reflexivity. You will practice it with Lonergan's general empirical method: four habits, one for each kind of mental work.

Be attentive.
What did we see and hear? What did we skip?
Be intelligent.
What explanation are we forming? What is one other explanation?
Be reasonable.
Which entries are Said and which are Guess? What would prove us wrong?
Be responsible.
What will we do, and is it fair to the people involved? Kyle's off-the-record remark is a case.

Being authentic means keeping all four, most of all when they show you were wrong. Your left-hand column on the Kyle interview was this band at work. Run it on every column.

After the cycle

Did you get there?

Come back and write what each row became. If the form changed, that is morphogenesis. If it stayed, that is morphostasis.

Expect a mixed answer: a new ledger in Structure, the same beliefs in Culture. Write it as it is. What you find becomes the T1 of your next cycle.

A first draft, every cell filled

This is what the canvas can look like after one interview: two to four lines in each cell, nothing more. It is one possible draft. Yours should differ, because your LSDS member knows things this draft does not.

Desired outcomeA viable financial and budgeting system for LSDS: transparent and easy to monitor.tentative
T1Where are we now?
T2-T3How do we get there?
T4Where do we want to go?
Structurewhat is set up
  • - No written procedure (Said)
  • - Receipts in a shared Drive, no single record (Said)
  • - Event finance committees run apart from the finance department (Said)
  • + Two accounts: held in trust, liquid (Said)
  • Your team, Kyle, and the next tournament's finance committee pilot one shared ledger (Read: Venkatesh et al., 2003)
  • Kyle and the incoming AVPs write a one-page procedure for collecting and reimbursing (Guess: find a source)
  • One shared record any finance officer can open
  • A written way to collect and reimburse
  • Keep: the two accounts
Culturewhat members believe
  • - Paying late is tolerated among friends (Said, off the record)
  • - Asking a friend to pay feels awkward (Guess)
  • + Close-knit membership (Said)
  • Your team asks two or three members how it feels to be asked to pay, to test the Guess in T1
  • Kyle and the officers ask members, at a general meeting, to agree on a payment date and on what happens after it (Guess: find a source)
  • Paying on time, and being asked to, is normal among friends
  • Keep: the closeness
Agencythe people
  • - One officer runs finance alone (Said)
  • - Unsure what a financial sheet needs (Said)
  • - He may front his own money for a payment due soon (Said)
  • + AVP applicants offer to help (Said)
  • Kyle and the event committee learn to run the ledger together
  • Each incoming AVP takes one finance task, so the work no longer sits with one person
  • More than one officer can run it
  • Officers and members use it
  • No officer fronts personal money
Meta-reflection
  • Attentive. One interview, one officer. No member with an unpaid balance has been heard.
  • Intelligent. Three explanations compete: no system, lenient friends, a new treasurer every year.
  • Reasonable. The Culture row stands on one off-the-record remark and one Guess.
  • Responsible. Ask Kyle before using his remark. Name no member who owes.
After the cycle: not yet written. Set the review date with LSDS.

One pair across rows. No single record (Structure) and late payment tolerated (Culture) keep each other in place. Guess

Your assignment for the next two weeks

Fill out your own canvas for LSDS. Keep it to one page: a snapshot of your whole action research. Behind the page, write a short narrative for each cell.

  1. Scope the outcome with LSDS. Rewrite the tentative line until Kyle and your LSDS member agree it says what they want.
  2. Fill T1 in all three rows. Mark each entry + or -. Tag each entry Said, Guess, or Read.
  3. Draft the intended T4 in all three rows. Name one thing to keep.
  4. Plan T2 to T3: at least three moves. No row is left without a move.
  5. Find one pair of entries across rows that keep each other in place.
  6. Fill the meta-reflection band: one line for each of the four habits.
  7. For each cell, write one paragraph: the evidence, where it came from, and what you are still unsure of.

The canvas is a working draft. Date each version and expect to change it after every conversation with LSDS.

The blank canvas

Desired outcomeWhat should be true for the organization and its people?
T1Where are we now?
T2-T3How do we get there?
T4Where do we want to go?
Structurewhat is set up

What rules, roles, resources, and tools exist now? Which help, which block?

What will we set up or change? Who does it, with whom?

What setup would be in place? What should stay?

Culturewhat members believe

What do members believe is okay? Which beliefs help, which block?

Whose beliefs need to shift? Who talks with whom about it?

What would members treat as normal? What should stay?

Agencythe people

Who does the work? Who can do what? Who has a say?

Who needs to learn, join, or be given a say?

Who would be able to do what? Who would be using it?

Meta-reflection: be attentive, be intelligent, be reasonable, be responsible
After the cycle: did we get there? What each row became is the next T1.